WIDAL TEST
Widal Test- Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Interpretation and Limitation Introduction of Widal Test Widal Test is an agglutination test which detects the presence of serum agglutinins (H and O) in patients serum with typhoid and paratyphoid fever. When facilities for culturing are not available, the Widal test is the reliable and can be of value in the diagnosis of typhoid fevers in endemic areas. It was developed by Georges Ferdinand Widal in 1896. The patient’s serum is tested for O and H antibodies (agglutinins) against the following antigen suspensions (usually stained suspensions): S . Typhi 0 antigen suspension, 9, 12 S . Typhi H antigen suspension, d S . Paratyphi A 0 antigen suspension, 1, 2, 12 S . Paratyphi A H antigen suspension, a S . Paratyphi B 0 antigen suspension, 1, 4, 5, 12 S . Paratyphi B H antigen suspension, b, phase 1 S . Paratyphi C 0 antigen suspension, 6, 7 S. Paratyphi C H antigen suspension, c, phase 1 Salmonella ...